USH_Chicago

General Chicago Reference Sites

American Memory ProjectLibrary of Congress

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/index.html - Use search term "Chicago" - Excellent for primary sources!

Chicago History Museum

http://www.chicagohistory.org/ and http://www.chicagohistory.org/history-around-town - Links to other sites

Chicago Public Library - Chicago History Resources

http://www.chipublib.org/cplbooksmovies/poptopics/chicagohistory.php

Chicago Stories (WTTW)

http://www.wttw.com/main.taf?p=1,7

Encyclopedia of Chicago

http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/ - Extensive online reference of Chicago history

Photographs from the Chicago Daily News

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpcoop/ichihtml/cdnhome.html

PBS American Experience - Chicago: City of the Century

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/chicago/ (See the Timeline, Maps, People & Events links

PBS American Experience - Primary Sources

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/chicago/filmmore/ps.html (Olmstead, Fire, Haymarket, Labor, World's Columbian, Newspaper Headlines from 1900

Good Resources for Images

Encyclopedia of Chicago

http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/ - Extensive online reference of Chicago history

History and Architecture of Chicago in Vintage Postcards

http://www.patsabin.com/illinois/postcardsAZ.htm - Be sure to check the dates of the images you find!

American Memory Project - Library of Congress

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/index.html - Use search term "Chicago" - Check dates of images/film

Resources for Background Music

http://www.dismuke.org/Acoustic/April98.html

Links by Topic

Big Business

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How did Chicago become the center of the meatpacking industry, and how did it affect the city and its residents (working conditions, lakefront life, etc.)?

Search Terms: Upton Sinclair, "The Jungle," Chicago Meatpacking Industry, Union Stock Yard, Philip Armour, Gustavus Swift, Illinois & Michigan Canal, Mechanical Pig Hoist

Economic Geography: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/409.html

Innovation, Invention & Business: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/643.html

Slaughterhouse to the World: http://www.chicagohistory.org/history/stock.html

Meatpacking: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/804.html

Union Stock Yard: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/2218.html

Philip Armour & the Packing Industry: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1724.html

Illinois & Michigan Canal (completed in 1848): http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/626.html

Sinclair 1906 "Rumble over 'The Jungle'": http://www.capitalcentury.com/1906.html

City Planning

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How did Chicago building construction and city planning develop after the Great Fire?

Consider street grid, gas lines, funding after the fire, plumbing, lighting, power and the planning of parks/green space.

Search Terms: green spaces, Daniel Burnham, Plan of Chicago, annexation, Louis Sullivan, Commercial Club of Chicago, Aaron Montgomery Ward and Grant Park, Forest Preserves, "City Beautiful" movement, Edward (P.) Brennan and streets, Home Insurance Building, Rand McNally Building, World's Columbian Exposition, Reliance Building, the term "Second City" (not the show!), Palmer House, Archimedes Screw

Reading: City of Big Shoulders pp. 56-62

Annexation: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/53.html

Built Environment of the Chicago Region: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/181.html

Commercial Club of Chicago: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/2207.html

Daniel Burnham: Highway Planning: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/2396.html

Planning: City and Regional: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/973.html

Grant Park: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/538.html

Forest Preserves: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/475.html

"City Beautiful" movement: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/61.html

Street Naming (Grid Streets): http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1205.html and http://chicago.straightdope.com/sdc20090108.php

Rationalization of streets: http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/410052.html

Before and After the Fire: http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/su/maps/chifire/

Sewage & drainage: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/643.html

Water Supply: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1325.html

Gas & Electricity: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/504.html

The Plan Comes Together: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/300004.html#410013

Community Outreach

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What was Jane Addams’ vision for addressing the problems faced by Chicago’s immigrant population and how did it influence others to continue that tradition?

Search Terms: Jane Addams, settlement houses, Hull House, Chicago reformers, Mary McDowell, Frances Willard, Mother Frances Cabrini, Florence Kelley, Julia Lathrop, Hannah Greenbaum Solomon, University of Chicago Settlement House, Chicago Commons, Alice Hamilton

Reading: A City Comes of Age p.142-143, City of Big Shoulders pp. 157-160

The Urban Experience in Chicago: http://www.uic.edu/jaddams/hull/urbanexp/contents.htm

Hull House Museum: http://www.uic.edu/jaddams/hull/_learn/_relatedlinks/relatedlinks.html

Jane Addams exhibit: http://www.swarthmore.edu/library/peace/Exhibits/janeaddams/addamsindex.htm

United Charities: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/181.html

Social Services: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1160.html

Jane Addams: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/2393.html, http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/615.html

For images: http://collections.carli.illinois.edu/ - search Jane Addams

Consumer Culture

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How did companies based in Chicago change how people from urban and rural areas shopped?

Search Terms: Montgomery Ward, Sears & Roebuck (Richard Sears & Alvah Roebuck), Potter Palmer, Carson Pirie Scott, Marshall Field, catalogs, mail order

Readings: City of Big Shoulders p. 63-69,138 and Turn of the Century

Montgomery Ward: http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/2895.html

Sears & Roebuck: http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/2840.html

Mail Order: http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/779.html

Marshall Field: http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/2663.html

Advertising: http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/24.html

The Great Chicago Fire

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How did the Great Chicago Fire and its causes impact public policy and city planning?

Search Terms: Montgomery Ward, Sears & Roebuck (Richard Sears & Alvah Roebuck), Potter Palmer, Carson Pirie Scott, Marshall Field, catalogs, mail order

Search in Gale Student Resource Center - Great Chicago Fire, see "Smoldering City" article, Encyclopedia Britannica

Chicago Historical Society - The Great Chicago Fire: http://www.chicagohs.org/fire/intro/ (Essays: information. Galleries: images. Library: Primary sources)

Excerpt from Urban Disorder by Carl Smith: http://www.press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/764176.html

Eyewitness account: http://www.nationalcenter.org/ChicagoFire.html

Chicago on Fire: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/chicago/maps/chicago_fire_text.html (timeline and maps)

Immigration

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How did religion affect the community, education and migration of Italian, Polish, and German immigrants in Chicago?

Search Terms: Religious Geography, Jews, Poles, Italians, German, Irish, Parish, Synagogues, Roman Catholics, Protestants

Reading: City of Big Shoulders p. 38-39, 123-138, Chicago: Metropolis of the Mid-Continent

IMAGES: http://tigger.uic.edu/depts/hist/hull-maxwell/vicinity/nws1/varieties.html

Religious Geography: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1059.html

Parish Life: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/953.html

Roman Catholics: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1090.html

Protestants: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1016.html

Schools: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1124.html

Neighborhood Succession: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/880.html

Italian Immigrant photos - http://tigger.uic.edu/depts/hist/hull-maxwell/vicinity/nws1/ethnicity/italians/housing/housing.htm

Labor: Haymarket Riot and Trial

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How did the Haymarket Riot and its trial affect Chicago businesses and workers, including labor unions?

Search Terms: Eight Hour Work Day, May 1, 1886 National Strike, Albert & Lucy Parsons, August Spies, "Revenge Circular", McCormick Reaper Works, "Chicago Idea", unionization, May Day (May 1)

Reading:

American Memory Project: Anarchists on Trial - Haymarket: http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/award98/ichihtml/hayhome.html

Eight Hour Movement: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/417.html

Homicide in Chicago - Haymarket Riot: http://homicide.northwestern.edu/context/movements/haymarket/

Haymarket Affair Digital Collection: http://www.chicagohs.org/hadc/index.html

The Dramas of Haymarket: http://www.chicagohistory.org/dramas/

Haymarket Affair: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/571.html

Unionization: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1284.html

The Haymarket Bomb In Historical Context: http://dig.lib.niu.edu/gildedage/haymarket/index.html

Labor: Pullman Strike

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What working conditions led to the Pullman Strike, and how did these events represent the challenges unions faced in securing rights for their members?

Search Terms: George Pullman, Pullman Porters, Pullman, IL, Pullman Strike, unionism, Eugene Debs, American Railway Union

Reading: City of Big Shoulders” p. 94-96, 188-192

Pullman Strike: http://dig.lib.niu.edu/gildedage/pullman/index.html (Includes primary documents)

Pullman Strike: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1029.html

Illinois in the Gilded Age - Labor: http://dig.lib.niu.edu/gildedage/labor.html

Pullman in history (short lectures on video): http://dig.lib.niu.edu/teachers/video/video-list.html (scroll down to Gilded Age and look for Pullman links)

Illinois State Museum: http://www.museum.state.il.us/exhibits/athome/1850/voices/curtis/-activity.htm (scroll down to Class Debate - #3)

Leisure and Entertainment

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How did urbanization impact leisure and entertainment for Chicagoans at the turn of the century? Consider books, theaters, sports, and other leisure activities.

Search Terms: leisure, 1893 Midway, World's Columbian Exposition, Baseball, Horse racing, Riverview amusement park, McVicker's theater,

Eight-Hour Movement and impact on leisure, Vaudeville, Chicago Symphony Orchestra, Auditorium Theater, Dance Halls (overlaps with vice), YMCA

Entertaining Chicagoans: http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/428.html

Leisure: http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/735.html

Creation of Chicago Sports: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1184.html

YMCA: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1393.html

Politics

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How did machine politics evolve in Chicago?

Search terms: Carter Harrison I and Carter Harrison II, Joseph Medill, "Boss" system, Irish-Americans, Pullman (Railway Laws), Machine politics,

Michael "Hinky Dink" Kenna, Bathhouse John, Gray Wolves, Chicago Aldermen

Era of "Hinky Dink" and "Bathhouse John": http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/2408.html

Politics: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/989.html

Machine Politics: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/774.html

Gray Wolves: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/540.html

Political Culture: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/987.html

Irish: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/652.html

Transportation

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How did innovations in transportation affect the growth of industry, public transportation, and immigration in Chicago? Consider settlement patterns, getting to work, traveling within the city, and traveling to other cities.

Search Terms: street railways, rapid transit, elevated rail, the "L", commuter rail, subway, Pullman cars, Chicago transit, Columbian Exposition,

George Pullman, Charles Tyson Yerkes

Reading: Chapter 9 – “City of the Century” (p. 254), various Chicago transit books

IMAGES: http://chuckmanchicagonostalgia.wordpress.com/

Rapid Transit System: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1042.html

Public Transportation: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1023.html

Commuting: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/323.html

Transportation: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1269.html

Yerkes: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/2416.html

The Pullman Era: http://www.chicagohs.org/history/pullman.html

Railroads: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1039.html

Urbanization & Living Conditions

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How did post-fire urban planning in Chicago lead to health and safety challenges, and what were some of the solutions?

Search Terms: Chicago Sanitary & Ship Canal, Fredrick Law Olmstead, City Homes Association, Reversal of Chicago River, Back of the Yards, TB, Tenement Housing, Bubbly Creek, Missouri V. Illinois & Sanitary District of Chicago (1901), Public Health, Rear Houses, City Homes Association, Settlement Houses

History & Heritage of Civil Engineering: Reversal of the Chicago River

http://live.asce.org/hh/index.mxml?lid=137&versionChecked=true

Chicago Sanitary & Ship Canal Article

http://www.chicagoriver.org/upload/BGID_CSCC_%20Article.pdf

Epidemics in Chicago

http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/432.html

Missouri V. Illinois Court Case

http://supreme.justia.com/us/180/208/

http://www.chicagolawyermagazine.com/Archives/2010/05/01/6587.aspx - Article describing the history of river reversal and suit

Housing Conditions

http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/410007.html

Tenements

http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1240.html

Public Health

http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1020.html

Rear Houses

http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1020.html

Back of the Yards

http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/99.html

City Homes Association

http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/289.html

Water Supply

http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1325.html

Clinics and Dispensaries

http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/299.html

Tuberculosis (Glackin Tuberculosis Law)

http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1274.html

Vice

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How did the challenges of Chicago city dwellers at the turn of the century result in the growth of the Levee District?

Search Terms: Vice, prostitution, saloons, vice district, gambling houses, vice commission, Levee district, "The Social Evil in Chicago" report, Freiburg's dance hall, "Local Option" law, Everleigh Club, "Bloody" Maxwell Street, Caroline Victoria Watson

Homicide in Chicago: http://homicide.northwestern.edu/

Vice Commissions: http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1303.html

Vice Districts: http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1304.html

Gambling: http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/496.html

Saloons: http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1110.html

"Local Option" law: http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/759.html

Prostitution: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1015.html

Women

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How did some influential women use their experience and/or place in the world to advocate for societal change?

Search Terms: Frances Willard, Bertha Honore Palmer, Margaret Haley, Sophia Hayden, Agnes Nestor, Florence Kelley, Child Labor,

Women's Christian Temperance Union, Suffrage, World's Columbian Exposition Board of Lady Managers

Women's Clubs: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/306.html

Women's Christian Temperance Union: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1369.html

The Great Migration and the 1919 Race Riot

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How was the residential make-up of Chicago influenced by the Great Migration, and why did conflicts arise between African-American and white Chicagoans?

In Gale U.S. History in Context, search for: Chicago Riots of 1919 , Red Summer, "Excerpt of the Negro in Chicago" (The Immigrant Experience), Race Riots (Use Race Riots (U.S.), 1917-1923), Chicago Defender

In Encyclopedia Britannica, search for: Chicago Race Riot of 1919, Great Migration, Robert S. Abbott

Great Migration (Reasons): Illinois State Museum - http://exhibits.museum.state.il.us/exhibits/athome/1890/TeachR/south.htm

Chicago: Destination for the Great Migration - Library of Congress - http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/african/afam011.html

"Goin' To Chicago" video clips and info - http://www.georgeking-assoc.com/gointochicago/video.html

Homicide in Chicago: Race Riots - http://homicide.northwestern.edu/crimes/raceriot1/

Carl Sandburg on the Chicago Race Riots: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/11045.html

(Entire book at http://books.google.com/books?id=-ZwTAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false)

Chicago Race Riots (WTTW): http://www.wttw.com/main.taf?p=1,7,1,1,33

Encyclopedia of Chicago: Events of 1919 - http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/500006.html

Chicago Defender Distribution 1919 - http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/3714.html

Causes of the Chicago Race Riot (paper by Walter White of NAACP) - http://www.yale.edu/glc/archive/1126.htm

Racism, Ethnicity and White Identity - http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1033.html

African Americans: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/27.html

Chicago Defender: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/248.html

Great Migration: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/545.html

Urban League: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1294.html

Provident Hospital: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1017.html

"Black Belt": http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/140.html

Race Riots: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1032.html

Race Divisions on Public Beaches: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/300066.html

South Side: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1177.html

Images:

Photo of the Beginning of the Race Riot: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/11463.html

Political Cartoon: http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/3879.html

From Library of Congress, Chicago Race Riots: http://www.loc.gov/search/?q=chicago%20race%20riots&fa=digitized:true